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Gallium in metallic form is already liquid at slightly elevated room temperature. It is therefore usually transported in containers for liquids. For air transport, gallium is additionally packaged as it attacks aluminum. Typical applications include the production of compound semiconductors such as GaAs and GaN, special alloys and thin-film technology processes.
Gallium oxide (Ga₂O₃) is mainly traded as a white, fine crystalline powder. It is used as a starting material for the production of gallium compounds, ceramic applications and as a dopant in semiconductor technology. It is increasingly being used as a substrate material for the next generation of semiconductors.
Gallium in 4N purity is primarily used in the production of gallium arsenide (GaAs) and gallium nitride (GaN) for standard applications in power electronics. Typical applications include second-generation solar modules and LEDs in the visible spectrum. This purity level is considered the basic standard for most semiconductor processes.
4N5 gallium represents an intermediate stage between standard and high-purity material. It is used when 4N quality is not sufficient for epitaxial processes, but the cost of 5N purity is not justified. Typical applications are GaAs substrates for optoelectronic components of medium complexity as well as selective MOCVD processes with defined purity requirements.
5N gallium is the most widely used purity grade in the compound semiconductor industry. It serves as the base material for epitaxially grown GaAs and GaN layers in high-frequency components and laser diodes. The reduced impurity content is crucial for reproducible carrier mobility.
This purity level is used when electrical and optical properties need to be controlled with high precision. Typical applications include compound semiconductors for photonics, highly sensitive infrared detectors and research substrates for molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). Trace impurities in the ppb range are technologically relevant at this level.
7N gallium represents the highest commercially available purity level and is used exclusively in the most demanding special applications. These include quantum devices, reference standards in metrology and neutrino detectors in basic research. Production requires multiple zone melt cleaning and contamination-free handling under clean room conditions.
TRADIUM supplies industrial customers with suitable gallium for semiconductors, LEDs, photovoltaics and research and special applications - flexible, high-quality and reliably available thanks to a large stock.